Ficus Ginseng (Ficus Retusa)

The Ficus Ginseng, also known as Ficus Retusa, is a popular bonsai species found in tropical and warm regions of all continents. It is part of the Moraceae family, the same one that includes the fig tree (Ficus carica). With over 1000 different varieties, the Ficus Ginseng is a versatile tree that can grow up to 300 meters in perimeter in its natural environment.

This species is very resistant to pests and diseases due to the presence of milky latex in its bark. Although tropical varieties are evergreen and retain their leaves throughout the year, they can lose them if exposed to temperatures close to 0 degrees Celsius.

Furthermore, the Ficus Ginseng is an ideal species for bonsai, as its shape is natural and can be easily shaped to create different styles and forms. Its beauty and ease of care make it an excellent choice for those looking for an indoor or patio bonsai.

Care Guide for the Ficus Retusa or Ginseng Bonsai

How to water a ficus?

To maintain the well-being of the Ficus Ginseng bonsai, it is important to provide it with adequate and generous watering. The substrate should be completely soaked with each watering and should allow for good drainage through the holes at the bottom of the container. It is important to note that this type of bonsai is capable of withstanding low-quality water, which makes it ideal for growing in environments with water restrictions. However, it is recommended to use good quality water to maintain good health and optimal growth of the tree.

Should I leave my ficus in full sun?

The Ficus Ginseng is a plant that can thrive in direct sunlight, but it is important to keep in mind that if the tree’s leaves are not accustomed to direct sunlight, they can get burned. Therefore, it is recommended to make the change gradually, especially if the tree comes from indoors. It is important to note that if the Ficus Ginseng perceives a lack of light, it will produce larger leaves and longer shoots.

Should I worry about bringing my ficus bonsai indoors in winter?

The Ficus Ginseng is a tropical tree and therefore, it is not able to withstand low temperatures effectively. For this reason, it is recommended to keep it indoors during the winter. However, if it has a large number of leaves, it may be able to withstand lower temperatures, so it is important to prepare it properly before the start of winter. To do this, it is advisable to provide it with a warm environment and protect it from cold drafts.

How often should I fertilize my ficus?

It is advisable to fertilize the Ficus Ginseng during its active growth periods, generally in late spring and autumn. During these periods, the tree is producing new leaves and roots, so it needs additional nutrients to maintain its health and vigor. It is important to note that the fertilizer should be moderate and applied according to the product’s specifications and the tree’s growth stage.

When and how should a ficus be pruned?

The Ficus Ginseng is known for its vigorous growth, so it is important to prune it regularly to control its size and maintain its shape. When pruning, it is important to always leave one or two leaves on each twig to maintain the tree’s health. In addition, defoliation can be performed to reduce the size of the leaves and improve the appearance of the bonsai.

It is important to note that this type of bonsai is easy to propagate, as it can sprout easily from the trunk. For this reason, you may need to perform a root pruning from time to time to maintain its size and health.

Can grafts be made on it?

Furthermore, it is important to highlight that both approach grafts and drill grafts are easy to perform on ficus, which makes it a very versatile species when it comes to creating different shapes and styles in bonsai. This also makes it possible to rejuvenate a specimen that has lost its shape or vigor, or to create secondary ramifications on a dense, branchless trunk. For these reasons, the Ficus Ginseng is a very popular and appreciated species in the world of bonsai.

When is the best time to wire?

In addition, it is important to keep in mind that young branches and leaves are softer and more flexible than older ones, so it is advisable not to bend them excessively or with too much force. It is recommended to use copper tensioners or stainless steel wire to avoid damaging the tree and to let them adjust to the desired shape gradually and controlled. It is important to periodically check the tension and adjust it as necessary, as the continuous growth of the branches can increase the tension on the wire.

How do I know when I have to repot my ficus?

The best time to repot a Ficus retusa is usually in the spring, when its growth period begins. During this time, the plant is better prepared to recover from any disturbance, such as repotting, and to start growing strongly in its new environment. However, it is also important to consider the climatic conditions and the state of the plant before repotting it, as if it is in full bloom or stressed for other reasons, it may be better to wait for a more suitable time.

In addition, it is important to highlight that the tolerance of Ficus bonsai to drastic root pruning is one of its main advantages, as it allows for controlling its growth and maintaining its desired size and shape. However, it is important to keep in mind that the water supply also influences root growth, so it is advisable to monitor the amount of water the tree receives to avoid excess or lack.

As for the choice of the pot, the Hirosima pot in red or blue tones is an ideal option for a Ficus bonsai, as it combines perfectly with the elegance and nature of this type of tree. In addition, it is important to choose a good quality pot that allows for good drainage and maintenance of the substrate and roots.

What substrate or soil should I choose?

It is important to keep in mind that the Ficus needs a well-drained substrate that allows excess water to evaporate. A mixture of 70% akadama and 30% kiryuzuna is ideal, but it is possible to use other substrate combinations as long as they allow for good drainage. In addition, it is advisable to change the substrate periodically to maintain the health of the tree and improve its growing conditions.

How can I propagate a ficus?

In addition, the reproduction of Ficus bonsai is also possible through cuttings and air layering. These methods are easy and effective for obtaining a new plant. It is important to ensure that the cuttings have at least a couple of leaves and some roots so that they can thrive.

What pests and diseases can affect my ficus bonsai?

In addition, it is also important to pay attention to air humidity, as if the humidity level is too low, mites and aphids may appear. It is advisable to maintain a proper balance of humidity to keep your Ficus bonsai strong and healthy.

Some possible pests are:

• Fungi
• Thrips (Leaf rolled on itself)